On the territory of the Old Town of Kamyanets-Podilskyi there is the world’s only religious monument of history and culture, which includes a Christian cathedral church, a bell tower, triumphal gates and a Turkish minaret topped with a sculpture of the Virgin Mary. The Catholic Church of St. Peter and St. Paul the Apostles was built by the Dominican monastic order in the middle of the XIV century. It was in these years in the city was formed diocese of the Roman Catholic Church, and its center was Petropavlovsk Cathedral Church, the founders of which were Lithuanian princes Kornatovichi. The exact date of the foundation of the church is unknown, but the description of its history says that it was built of wood in 1375 at the time of the first bishop of Kamenets, Wilhelm. The stone building of the church was built at the turn of the XV-XVI centuries under Bishop Jacob Buchatsky. The church was named the Church of Peter and Paul in 1517. In the middle of the XIV century Bishop Leonard Slonczewski (1547-1562) added the Chapel of Holy Communion on the north side of the church, and the Chapel of Consolation of the Blessed Virgin Mary on the south side. In the middle of the XVII century, the Chapel of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary was built, and in the eastern part of the church — the presbytery (the throne in an Orthodox church), where the main altar was moved.
In the times of Turkish rule (1672-1699) Catholics were expelled from Kamyanets-Podilskyi, the decoration of the church was destroyed, the bones of Christians buried in the pogost were taken out of the city, and the temple became the main Muslim mosque. On the western side of the mosque the Turks built a minaret 36.5 meters high with 145 stone steps. After the Turkish enslavers left Podolia, Bishop Jan Gninski rededicated the mosque into a church. In honor of this solemn event, two commemorative plates were placed on the pylons of the central nave.
In the middle of the XVIII century, under the direction of architect Jan de Witte and with the active participation of Bishop Nicholas Dembowski, the church building was overhauled. A new altar was built, figures of Evangelists were installed on the ambo, the main facade was decorated with pilasters, capitals, sculptures and was supplemented with the coat of arms of Bishop N. Dembowski and a stone slab with the text: «By the will of God to the noble Nicholas of Mount Oak Dembowski Bishop of Kamenets renewer of the shrine, this slab was installed in 1745. On May 10, 1756 under the bell ringing and cannon volleys on the repaired minaret was installed a copper statue of the Virgin Mary 3.5m high. Around her head shines a halo of 12 stars, and the Virgin Mary herself stands on a globe and a crescent moon, blessing the city and the Podolsk region. In the following years in the church several times there were fires, the consequences of which were eliminated at the expense of donations from parishioners. The second major renovation of the church was carried out from 1853 to 1860. The altars were renewed, an organ by the Austrian company «Karl Hesse» was installed, the master Giovani Sampini painted the chapel of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary.
During the XIX — XX centuries the Catholic bishopric in Kamyanets-Podilskyi was closed and restored several times. From 1946 to 1990 the church housed the Department of Atheism of the Historical Museum. At the request of believers, on June 29, 1990, the Christian church was returned to the Roman Catholic community of the city.
Currently, this historical attraction of Kamenets-Podolsky is under state protection. In the Peter and Paul Church there is a uniquely beautiful tombstone of Laura, made by sculptor Viktor Brodsky in 1874 — 1877. This priceless work of art invariably attracts art connoisseurs and numerous tourists.